Introduction

Electrical components can be divided into different categories depending on their function and mode of operation. There are resistors, capacitors, coils, but also diodes and transistors, which will be discussed in a later chapter. Electrical components must be supplied with energy via a source (current or voltage source) in order to perform their desired function. Figure 1 shows various components.

Each of these components uses the basic principles of electrical engineering to perform specific functions in an electrical circuit. By combining different components, complex circuits can be created that are capable of performing demanding tasks, such as processing data in a computer or regulating the speed of an electric motor.

The transition from fundamental physical concepts to electrical components is therefore a step from theory to practice, enabling us to apply our theoretical knowledge in real-world applications. This chapter introduces the three fundamental electrical properties of components, as well as voltage and current sources.